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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Definition of grammar
Based on Oxford dictionary
:
- Grammar is the whole system and structure of a language or of languages in general, usually taken as consisting of syntax and morphology (including inflections) and sometimes also phonology and semantics.
- Grammar is the set of structural rules that governs the composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given natural language. The term refers also to the study of such rules, and this field includes morphology, syntax, and phonology, often complemented by phonetics, semantics, and pragmatics. Linguists do not normally use the term to refer to orthographical rules, although usage books and style guides that call themselves grammars may also refer to spelling and punctuation.
Based on Oxford dictioinary
Definition of translation :
·
Something
that is or has been translated, especially a written text.
·
The
act of translating or the state of being translated.
·
A written communication in a second
language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first
language.
Based on Oxford dictioinary definition of method
·
A means or manner of procedure,
especially a regular and systematic way of accomplishing something
·
A
theory and technique of acting in which the actor attempts to experience the
inner life of the character being portrayed.
·
According to
oxford dictionary that grammar is the rules in a language for changing the form
of words and combining them into sentences.
Based on Expert :
According to Eugene. J. Hill, grammar is a description of certain organizing aspects of particular language. It usually includes phonological (sounds), morphological (word composition) and syntactic (sentence composition) points.
According to Chomsky, the grammar of the language is, therefore, not the
surface structures themselves, but the rules that enable the language user to
generate the surface structures from the deep level of meaning.
According to
Andreas, grammar is a finite set of rules which enumerates (or generates) an
infinite number of grammatical (or well- formed) sentences of a language and no
ungrammatical ones and assign sentence generated its proper structural
description. Grammar also can be defined as a description of the way a language
works. It explains many things. For example, it tells us the order in which
sentence parts must be arranged. It helps us to state how we should use it.
The process of
turning an original or "source" text into a text in another language.
Grammar is the structural foundation of our ability to express ourselves.
The more we are aware of how it works, the more we can monitor the meaning and
effectiveness of the way we and others use language. It can help foster precision,
detect ambiguity, and exploit the richness of expression available in English.
And it can help everyone--not only teachers of English, but teachers of
anything, for all teaching is ultimately a matter of getting to grips with
meaning.
(David Crystal, "In Word and Deed," TES Teacher, April 30, 2004).
(David Crystal, "In Word and Deed," TES Teacher, April 30, 2004).
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